Estimating aggregate railway performance from realized empirical data: Literature review, a test case and a research roadmap

Railway operations are organized according to a complex interplay of resources and rigid time separation train runs over infrastructure elements. The system dynamics complex, span in space. We use this work the concepts macroscopic fundamental diagrams, or more general analysis density-flow-speed diagram, analyse describe realized railway operations. Specifically, we review state art aggregated models performance. illustrate possible application by means test case. consider operations, on line with heterogeneous traffic, as measured set stations. diagram represent recorded similar network diagram. In sense, it is first try estimate relationship, from data based services different stopping patterns. analyses show challenges aggregate for stretches, data. report what influence delays, represented those diagrams shift operating point. Future promising directions research concluded analysis. • traffic. A represents Macroscopic relations identified Principal Component Analysis. roadmap applications identified.